Fulfilling The Hierarchy of Needs on Female Characters in the Novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan by Andina Dwifatma

Putu Debby Yolanda; Wiyatmi Wiyatmi; Ary Kristiyani

doi:10.26499/jentera.v14i2.8438

Fulfilling The Hierarchy of Needs on Female Characters in the Novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan by Andina Dwifatma

Putu Debby Yolanda, Wiyatmi Wiyatmi, Ary Kristiyani

Abstract

This study aims to describe the fulfillment of the hierarchy of needs in female characters in the novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan (Quieter than a Whisper) through the perspective of Jean B. Miller’s feminist psychology and Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. The research instrument used is a human instrument, in which the researcher develops indicators based on Maslow’s concept of the hierarchy of needs. Data were collected through reading, note-taking, and literature review. Then, it was analyzed in stages: data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through data triangulation, while the consistency of the findings was strengthened using intra-rater techniques. The study focuses on how the female characters fulfill their hierarchy of needs as women, from physiological needs to self-actualization. The findings show that the female characters successfully fulfill these needs: 1) Mami can meet the physiological and safety needs by providing adequate housing and necessities for herself as a single parent and for her daughter; 2) Amara fulfills the need for a sense of belonging and affection from Mami, even though it comes from a single parent; 3) Macan meets her esteem needs through independence and the freedom to determine her life philosophy; 4) Meanwhile, Amara ultimately achieves self-actualization through self-acceptance after experiencing marital conflicts. Overall, the narrative illustrates the efforts of the female characters to meet their basic needs and ultimately achieve self-actualization.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemenuhan hierarki kebutuhan pada diri tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan dengan menggunakan perspektif psikologi feminis Jean B. Miller dan teori pemenuhan hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah human instrument, yakni peneliti yang menyusun indikator berdasarkan konsep hierarki kebutuhan Maslow. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca, catat, dan studi pustaka. Kemudian, data dianalisis melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi data, sedangkan konsistensi temuan diperkuat dengan teknik intra-rater. Fokus kajian terletak pada bagaimana tokoh perempuan memenuhi hierarki kebutuhan sebagai perempuan, mulai dari kebutuhan fisiologis hingga aktualisasi diri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh-tokoh perempuan berhasil memenuhi hierarki kebutuhan tersebut: 1) Mami mampu memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis dan keamanan, dengan menyediakan tempat tinggal layak dan kebutuhan dasar bagi dirinya sebagai orang tua tunggal serta untuk anaknya, Amara; 2) Amara memenuhi kebutuhan akan rasa memiliki dan kasih sayang dari Mami, meskipun kasih sayang tersebut berasal dari seorang single parent; 3) Macan memenuhi kebutuhan harga diri dengan kemandirian dan kebebasannya menentukan pandangan hidup; 4) sementara Amara pada akhirnya mencapai aktualisasi diri melalui penerimaan diri setelah konflik rumah tangga yang dialami. Secara keseluruhan, cerita memperlihatkan berbagai usaha tokoh perempuan dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar mereka hingga mencapai aktualisasi diri.

Keywords

female character; feminist psychology; hierarchy of needs

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/jentera.v14i2.8438