Ambivalensi Kategori Sintaksis dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Analisis Distribusional pada Korpus Cerpen Mojok.Co

Ahsan Tudoni, Wagiati Wagiati, Nani Darmayanti, Tatang Suparman

Abstract


This study aims to identify and describe syntactic category ambivalence in Indonesian through a distributional analysis. The data comprise sentences containing lexical forms that exhibit the potential for more than one syntactic categorization, drawn from thirteen horror short stories published on Mojok.co. Employing a qualitative approach, the study examines the syntactic behavior of selected words based on their positional distribution and accompanying constituents within sentence structures. The findings reveal eleven words that exhibit syntactic ambivalence, namely karena, sejak, sebelum, setelah, untuk, dengan, hingga, buat, sama, akan, and sampai. Depending on their distributional patterns and syntactic configuration within the structural context of sentences, these words function as prepositions, subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions, adverbs, or verbs. The results demonstrate that syntactic categorization cannot be determined from lexical form alone but must consider distributional patterns within structural context. Theoretically, this study enriches the body of knowledge on syntactic category ambivalence in Indonesian, while practically, the description of these distributional patterns may serve as a reference for the development of Indonesian part-of-speech annotation guidelines, particularly for addressing category ambiguity in grammatically ambivalent words.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan ambivalensi kategori sintaksis dalam bahasa Indonesia melalui analisis distribusional. Data penelitian berupa kalimat yang mengandung kata yang berpotensi memiliki lebih dari satu kategori sintaksis yang diperoleh dari tiga belas cerita pendek bergenre horor yang dipublikasikan di Mojok.co. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan distribusional untuk menganalisis perilaku sintaktis kata berdasarkan posisi dan konstituen pendampingnya dalam struktur kalimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebelas kata yang memiliki ambivalensi kategori sintaksis, yaitu karena, sejak, sebelum, setelah, untuk, dengan, hingga, buat, sama, akan, dan sampai. Kata-kata tersebut dapat berfungsi sebagai preposisi, konjungsi subordinatif, konjungsi koordinatif, adverbia, maupun verba, bergantung pada pola distribusi dan konfigurasi sintaktis dalam konteks kalimat. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penentuan kategori sintaksis tidak dapat didasarkan semata-mata pada bentuk leksikalnya, melainkan harus mempertimbangkan pola distribusional dalam konteks struktural kalimat. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini memperkaya kajian tentang ambivalensi kategori dalam bahasa Indonesia, sedangkan secara praktis, deskripsi pola distribusional ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam pengembangan panduan anotasi kelas kata bahasa Indonesia, khususnya untuk menangani ambiguitas kategori pada kata-kata berperilaku gramatikal ganda.

Keywords


linguistik, sintaksis, kategori ganda, struktur kalimat

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v15i1.6209

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