Narasi Kebijakan dalam Komunikasi Pemerintah Pada Fase Awal Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis

Salsabila Laily Tabayuni, Suwandi Sumartias, Rd. Funny Mustikasari Elita

Abstract


The study addresses three research questions: how MBG's policy narrative was designed and framed as a gradual policy; how language and terminology choices were used to manage public expectations; and how crisis communication was applied in responding to issues and incidents that emerged during the early implementation phase. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 informants from the Presidential Communication Office (KKK) and the National Nutrition Agency (BGN), supplemented by observation and document analysis. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014) through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, interpreted using framing theory, Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), and Image Restoration Theory. The findings reveal three key results. First, MBG's policy narrative was consistently framed as a long-term human capital investment through the "Golden Indonesia 2045" vision and the "golden generation children" narrative, shifting public discourse from fiscal concerns toward future benefits. Second, public expectation management was conducted through strategic terminology choices the use of "program commencement" instead of "grand launching" and the "trial phase" label positioned early obstacles as part of a gradual process rather than indicators of failure. Third, crisis responses followed a consistent pattern: implicit empathy expressed through state presence and action, fact-based clarification with layered verification, and publicly affirmed corrective measures. This study contributes to linguistic research by demonstrating that policy language and narrative function as strategic instruments that not only convey meaning but actively shape how the public understands, evaluates, and responds to public policy during its early implementation phase.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab tiga pertanyaan: bagaimana narasi kebijakan MBG dirancang dan dibingkai sebagai kebijakan bertahap; bagaimana pilihan bahasa dan terminologi digunakan untuk mengelola ekspektasi publik; serta bagaimana komunikasi krisis diterapkan dalam merespons isu dan insiden yang muncul pada fase awal implementasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dengan 11 informan dari Kantor Komunikasi Kepresidenan (KKK) dan Badan Gizi Nasional (BGN), dilengkapi dengan observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles et al. (2014) melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, yang diinterpretasikan menggunakan kerangka teori framing, Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), dan Image Restoration Theory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, narasi kebijakan MBG secara konsisten dibingkai sebagai investasi jangka panjang sumber daya manusia melalui kerangka "Indonesia Emas 2045" dan narasi "anak generasi emas", yang menggeser fokus dari perdebatan fiskal menuju manfaat masa depan. Kedua, pengelolaan ekspektasi publik dilakukan melalui pemilihan terminologi yang strategis penggunaan frasa "dimulainya program" dan label "uji coba" memosisikan kendala awal sebagai bagian dari proses bertahap, bukan indikator kegagalan. Ketiga, respons terhadap krisis mengikuti pola konsisten: empati yang beroperasi secara implisit melalui kehadiran negara, klarifikasi berbasis fakta dengan verifikasi berjenjang, dan tindakan korektif yang ditegaskan secara publik. Studi ini berkontribusi pada kajian linguistik dengan menunjukkan bahwa bahasa dan narasi kebijakan berfungsi sebagai instrumen strategis yang tidak sekadar menyampaikan makna, tetapi secara aktif membentuk cara publik memahami, menilai, dan merespons kebijakan publik pada fase implementasi awal.

Keywords


Framing, Komunikasi Pemerintah, Komunikasi Krisis, Makan Bergizi Gratis, Strategi Narasi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v15i1.8518

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